Kinesiology

  KINESILOGY 

Kinesiology is the study of movement of body. It brings together the fields of anatomy, physiology, physics and geometry and relates them to human movement. Thus kinesiology utilizes principles of mechanics, musculoskeletal anatomy and neuromuscular physiology.

Mechanical principles that relate directly to the human body are used in the study of biomechanics. This topic will give most emphasis to the musculoskeletal anatomy components, which are considered the key to understanding and being able to apply the components.

As you proceed through this topic, keep in mind a few simple concepts. First the human body arranged in a very logical manner. By keeping in mind some of the basics principles affecting muscles, understanding individual muscle function need not to be mind boggling. If you know what the moments a particular joint allowing, that a muscle  must span a particular joint surface  to cause a certain motion and what the muscle's line of pull is then you will know the particular actions.

TERMIOLOGY

To understand the organization of the human body , it is necessary to understand the position of body as mentioned below:

a) Anatomical position : It is described as the human body standing in an upright position, eyes facing forward, feet parallel and close together , arms at the sides of the body with palm facing forward.

b) Fundamental position : It can be describe as anatomical position with palm facing towards the side of the body.

Specific terms are required to understand the location and structure relative to other structures.

i) Medial refers to location or movement towards midline of body.

ii) Lateral refers to a position away from midline of body.

iii) Anterior (Ventral) refers to front of the body or closer to front.

iv) Posterior (Dorsal) refers to back of body.

v) Distal means away from body trunk.

vi) Proximal means toward body.

vii) Superior refers upper surface of an organ.

viii) Inferior refers lower surface of an organ. 

ix)  Bilateral refers to two or both sides.

x) Unilateral means one side

xi) Contralateral refers opposite sides.

xii) Ipsilateral refers the same side of body.

JOINTS MOVEMENTS

As we all know that all joints are moving in different and various directions. Mainly two types of joint movements are there i.e. Osteokinematics (deals with movement of bones around a joint axis) and Arthrokinematics (deals with the relationship of joint surface movement). Further we describe movements in various terminology as mentioned below :

Flexion : Movement of one part toward another.

Extension : Straightening of joints.

Abduction : Movement of part away from midline of body.

Adduction : Movement toward midline of body.

Circumduction : Motion that defines a circular movements in cone shaped manner. 

Supination : It can be describe as faces the palm of the hand forward, or anteriorly.

Pronation : The palm is facing backward or posteriorly. 

Inversion : Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle.

Eversion : Outward movement of sole.

Protraction : Linear movement along a plane parallel to ground and away from the midline.

Retraction : Linear movement in same plane but toward the midline.