Saturday, 22 November 2025

Respiratory system | Parts of respiratory system with their functions and structures

 


 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 


The human respiratory system is a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The primary organs of the respiratory system are lungs which carry out this exchange of gases as we breathe.

Parts of respiratory system with their functions and structures :- 

As we breathe, oxygen enters the nose or mouth and passes the sinuses which are hollow spaces in the skull. Sinuses help regulate the temperature and humidity of the air we breathe.
The trachea, also called as wind pipe, filters the air that is inhaled, according to the American Lung Association. It branches into the bronchi which are two tubes that carry air into each lung.
The bronchial tubes lead to the lobes of the lungs. The right lung has three lobes, the left lung has two lobes. Lobes are filled with small sacs called alveoli, and this is where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
The alveolar walls are extremely thin (about 0.2 micrometers). These walls are composed of single layer of tissues called epithelial cells and tiny blood vessels called pulmonary capillaries.
Blood passes through the capillaries. The pulmonary artery carries blood containing carbon dioxide to the air sacs, where the gas moves from the blood to the air , according to the NHLBI. Oxygenated blood goes to the heart through the pulmonary vein and the heart pumps it throughout the body. The diaphragm, a dome shaped muscle at the bottom of the lungs, control breathing and separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. When a breath is taken, it flattens out and pulls the forward making more space for lungs. During exhalation, the diaphragm expands and forces air out. 

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