Wednesday, 12 November 2025

Systems of our body | Types of bones


 Systems of Our Body 


1) Integument System

2) Osseous System

3) Muscular System

4) Digestive System

5) Respiratory System

6) Cardio Vascular System 

Osteoblast - Cell of bones

Types of Bones


1) Flat bones

2) Long bones

3) Small bones


 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 


The human respiratory system is a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The primary organs of the respiratory system are lungs which carry out this exchange of gases as we breathe.



Parts of respiratory system with their functions and structures :- 

As we breathe, oxygen enters the nose or mouth and passes the sinuses which are hollow spaces in the skull. Sinuses help regulate the temperature and humidity of the air we breathe.
The trachea, also called as wind pipe, filters the air that is inhaled, according to the American Lung Association. It branches into the bronchi which are two tubes that carry air into each lung.
The bronchial tubes lead to the lobes of the lungs. The right lung has three lobes, the left lung has two lobes. Lobes are filled with small sacs called alveoli, and this is where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
The alveolar walls are extremely thin (about 0.2 micrometers). These walls are composed of single layer of tissues called epithelial cells and tiny blood vessels called pulmonary capillaries.
Blood passes through the capillaries. The pulmonary artery carries blood containing carbon dioxide to the air sacs, where the gas moves from the blood to the air , according to the NHLBI. Oxygenated blood goes to the heart through the pulmonary vein and the heart pumps it throughout the body. The diaphragm, a dome shaped muscle at the bottom of the lungs, control breathing and separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. When a breath is taken, it flattens out and pulls the forward making more space for lungs. During exhalation, the diaphragm expands and forces air out. 
  

 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 


The circulatory system is a vast network of organs and vessels that is responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, hormones, oxygen and other gases to and form cells. Without the circulatory system, the body would not be able to fight diseases or maintain a stable internal environment such as proper temperature and pH - known as homeostasis.
While many view the circulatory system, also known as the cardio vascular system, as simple as highway for blood it is made up of three independent systems that work together ; the heart, lungs and arteries, veins, coronary and portal vessels according to the U.S MLM.


The heart, blood and blood vessels make up the cardiovascular component of the circulatory system. The pulmonary circulatory system sends oxygen- depleted blood away from the heart through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart through the pulmonary vein.
Oxygen deprived blood enters the right atrium of the heart and flow through the tricuspid value into the right ventricle. From their it pumped through the pulmonary semilunar value into the pulmonary artery on its way to the lungs. When it gets to the lungs, the carbon dioxide is released from the blood and oxygen is absorbed. The pulmonary vein sends the oxygen rich blood back to the heart according to NLM. 
The system is circulation is the portion of the circulatory system is the network of veins, arteries and vessels that transports blood from heart, services the body's cells and then re-enters the heart the mayo clinic noted.



  
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